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  • 1. IS 456 : 2000 Indian StandardPLAIN AND REINFORCED CONCRETE -CODE OF PRACTICE( Fourth Revision ) ICS 91.100.300 BIS 2000BUREAUOFINDIAN STANDARDSMANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG NEW DELHI 110002July 2000Price Rs 260.00

2. IS456: 2000Indian Standard PLAINAND REINFORCEDCONCRETE-CODEOFPRACTICE ( Fourth Revision )FOREWORDThis Indian Standard (Fourth Revision) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft finalixedby the Cement and Concrete Sectional Committee had been approved by the Civil Engineering Division Council.This standard was first published in 1953 under the title Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete forgeneral building construction and subsequently revised in 1957. The code was further revised in 1964 andpublished under modified title Code of practice for plain and reinforced concrete, thus enlarging the scope ofuse of this code to structures other than general building construction also. The third revision was published in1978, and it included limit state approach to design. This is the fourth revision of the standard. This revisionwas taken up with a view to keeping abreast with the rapid development in the field of concrete technology andto bring in further modifications/improvements in the light of experience gained while using the earlier versionof the standard.This revision incorporates a number of important changes. The major thrust in the revision is on the followinglines: a) In recent years, durability of concrete structures have become the cause of concern to all concretetechnologists. This has led to the need to codify the durability requirements world over. In this revisionof the code, in order to introduce in-built protection from factors affecting a structure, earlier clause ondurability has been elaborated and a detailed clause covering different aspects of design of durablestructure has been incorporated. b) Sampling and acceptance criteria for concrete have been revised. With tbis revision acceptance criteriahas been simplified in line with the provisions given in BS 5328 (Part 4):1990 Concrete: Part 4Specification for the procedures to be used in sampling, testing and assessing compliance of concrete.Some of the significant changes incorporated in Section 2 are as follows: a) All the three grades of ordinary Portland cement, namely 33 grade, 43 grade and 53 grade and sulphateresisting Portland cement have been included in the list of types of cement used (in addition to othertypes of cement). b) The permissible limits for solids in water have been modified keeping in view the durability requirements. cl The clause on admixtures has been modified in view of the availability of new types of admixturesincluding superplasticixers. d) In Table 2 Grades of Concrete, grades higher than M 40 have been included. e) It has been recommended that minimum grade of concrete shall be not less than M 20 in reinforcedconcrete work (see also 6.1.3). 0 The formula for estimation of modulus of elasticity of concrete has been revised. 8) In the absenceof proper correlation between compacting factor, vee-bee time and slump, workabilityhas now been specified only in terms of slump in line with the provisions in BS 5328 (Parts 1 to 4). h) Durability clause has been enlarged to include detailed guidance concerning the factors affecting durability.The table on Environmental Exposure Conditions has been modified to include very severe andextreme exposure conditions. This clause also covers requirements for shape and size of member,depth of concrete cover, concrete quality, requirement against exposure to aggressive chemical and sulphateattack, minimum cement requirement and maximum water cement ratio, limits of chloride content, alkalisilica reaction, and importance of compaction, finishing and curing. j) A clause on Quality Assurance Measures has been incorporated to give due emphasis to good practicesof concreting.k) Proper limits have been introduced on the accuracy of measuring equipments to ensure accurate batchingof concrete. 1 3. IS 456 : 2000m) The clause on Construction Joints has been modified.n) The clause on Inspection has been modified to give more emphasis on quality assurance.The significant changes incorporated in Section 3 are as follows:a) Requirements for Fire Resistance have been further detailed.b) The figure for estimation of modification factor for tension reinforcement used in calculation of basic values of span to effective depth to control the deflection of flexural member has been modified.cl Recommendations regarding effective length of cantilever have been added.4Recommendations regarding deflection due to lateral loads have been added.e) Recommendations for adjustments of support moments in restrained slabs have been included. 0 In the detemination of effective length of compression members, stability index has been introduced to determine sway or no sway conditions. g) Recommendations have been made for lap length of hooks for bars in direct tension and flexural tension.h) Recommendations regarding strength of welds have been modified.j) Recommendations regarding cover to reinforcement have been modified. Cover has been specified based~on durability requirements for different exposure conditions. The term nominal cover has been introduced. The cover has now been specified based on durability requirement as well as for fite requirements.The significant change incorporated in Section 4 is the modification-of the clause on Walls. The modified clauseincludes design of walls against horizontal shear.In Section 5 on limit state method a new clause has been added for calculation of enhanced shear strength ofsections close to supports. Some modifications have also been made in the clause on Torsion. Formula forcalculation of crack width has been-added (separately given in Annex P).Working stress method has now been given in Annex B so as to give greater emphasis to limit state design. Inthis Annex, modifications regarding torsion and enhanced shear strength on the same lines as in Section 5 havebeen made.Whilst the common methods of design and construction have been covered in this code, special systems ofdesign and construction of any plain or reinforced concrete structure not covered by this code may be permittedon production of satisfactory evidence regarding their adequacy and safety by analysis or test or both(see 19).In this code it has been assumed that the design of plain and reinforced cement concrete work is entrusted to aqualified engineer and that the execution of cement concrete work is carried out under the direction of a qualifiedand experienced supervisor.In the formulation of this standard, assistance has been derived from the following publications: BS 5328-z Part 1 : 1991 Concrete : Part 1 Guide to specifying concrete, British Standards Institution BS 5328 : Part 2 : 1991 Concrete : Part 2 Methods for specifying concrete mixes, British Standards InstitutionBS 5328 : Part 3 : 1990 Concrete : Part 3 Specification for the procedures to be used in producing and transporting concrete, British Standards Institution BS 5328 : Part 4 : 1990 Concrete : Part 4 Specification for the procedures to be used in sampling, testing and assessing compliance of concrete, British Standards Institution BS 8110 : Part 1 : 1985 Structural use of concrete : Part 1 Code of practice for design and construction, British Standards Institution BS 8110 : Part 2 : 1985 Structural use of concrete : Part 2 Code of practice for special circumstances, British Standards Institution AC1 3 19 : 1989 Building code requirements for reinforced concrete, American Concrete Institute AS 3600 : 1988 Concrete structures, Standards Association of Australia 2 4. IS 456 : 2000DIN 1045 July 1988 Structural use of concrete, design and construction, Deutsches Institut fur Normung E.V.CEB-FIP Model code 1990, Comite Euro - InternationalDu BelonThe compositionof the technical committee responsible for the formulation of this standard is given inAnnex H.For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final value,observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis shall be rounded off in accordance withIS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values (revised). The number of significant places retained in therounded off value should be the same as that of~the specified value in this standard. 5. As in the Original Standard, this Page is Intentionally Left Blank 6. IS456:2000CONTENTSPAGE SECTION 1 GENERAL 111SCOPE 112REFERENCES 113TERMINOLOGY 114SYMBOLSSECTION 2 -MATERIALS, WORKMANSHIP, INSPECTION AND TESTING 135 MATERIALS 13 5.1 Cement -13 5.2 Mineral Admixtures 14 5.3 Aggregates 14 5.4 Water 15 55Admixtures 15 5.6 Reinforcement 15 5.7 Storage of Materials 156CONCRETE 15 6.1 Grades 156.2Properties of Concrete 177 WORKABILITY CONCRETEOF178 DURABILITY CONCRETE OF178.1General188.2Requirements for Durability229 CONCRETE Mrx PROPORTIONING229.1Mix Proportion229.2Design Mix Concrete239.3Nominal Mix Concrete2310 PRODUCTION CONCRETEOF2310.1 Quality Assurance Measures24 10.2Batching24 10.3Mixing2511 FORMWORK25 11.1General25 11.2Cleaning and Treatment of Formwork25 1I .3 Stripping Time 2512 ASSEMBLY REINFORCEMENTOF 2613 TRANSPORTING,PLACING, COMPACTION CURINGAND 2613.1 Transportingand Handling 2613.2Placing2613.3Compaction 7. IS 456 : 2000 PAGE13.4 Construction Joints and Cold Joints27 13.5 Curing27 13.6Supervision2714 CONCRERNG UNDER SPECIAL CONDITIONS 27 14.1 Work in Extreme Weather Conditions27 14.2 Under-Water Concreting27 15 SAMPLING STRENGTH DESIGNED ANDOF CONCRETE Mrx29 15.1 General 29 15.2 Frequency of Sampling 29 15.3 Test Specimen 29 15.4 Test Results of Sample29 16 ACCEPTANCECRITERIA29 17 INSPECI-ION TEFXJNG STRWTUREAND OF30SECTION 3 GENERAL DESIGN CONSIDERATION 18 BASESFORDEIGN 32 18.1 Aim of Design 32 18.2 Methods of Design 32 18.3 Durability, Workmanship and Materials 32 18.4 Des

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